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FIGHTING SHIPS OF THE WORLD
UNITED KINGDOM
TORPEDO SHIPS
Tribal type destroyers (COSSACK) (13, 1908 - 1910)


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Afridi

Ships


Name No Yard No Builder Laid down Launched Comp Fate Modification
Cossack H09, D02, D19 667 Cammell Laird, Birkenhead 11.1905 16.2.1907 3.1908 sold 12.1919 1st group
Mohawk H19, D05, D57   White, Cowes 5.1906 15.3.1907 6.1908 sold 5.1919 1st group
Ghurka H52, D04 408 Hawthorn Leslie, Hebburn 2.1906 29.4.1907 12.1908 sunk 8.2.1917 1st group

Afridi

H40, D00  

Armstrong, Elswick

8.1906

8.5.1907

9.1909

sold 12.1919

1st group
Tartar H29, D08, D86 425 Thornycroft, Woolston 11.1905 25.6.1907 4.1908 sold 5.1921 1st group
Saracen H38, D07, D74   White, Cowes 7.1907 31.3.1908 6.1909 sold 10.1919 2nd group
Amazon H37, D01, D03 471 Thornycroft, Woolston 6.1907 29.7.1908 4.1909 sold 10.1919 2nd group
Crusader H65, D03, D21   White, Cowes 6.1908 20.3.1909 10.1909 sold 6.1920 2nd group
Nubian H70, D06 501 Thornycroft, Woolston 5.1908 20.4.1909 8.1909 disabled 27.10.1916 2nd group
Maori H16   Denny, Dumbarton 8.1908 24.5.1909 11.1909 sunk 7.5.1915 2nd group
Viking H90, D09, D93   Palmer, Jarrow 6.1908 14.9.1909 6.1910 sold 12.1919 2nd group
Zulu H86, D10 428 Hawthorn Leslie, Hebburn 8.1908 16.9.1909 3.1910 disabled 8.11.1916 2nd group
Zubian D20, D99 - Chatham DYd (11/1916) --- 7.1917 sold 12.1919 2nd group


Technical data


Displacement normal, t

Afridi: 855

Cossack: 882

Ghurka: 872

Mohawk: 864

Tartar: 850

Amazon: 970

Saracen: 980

Crusader: 1045

Maori: 1026

Nubian: 998

Viking: 1090

Zulu: 1027

Zubian: 1050

Displacement full, t

Afridi: 1000

Amazon: 1200

Length, m

Afridi: 76.2 pp

Cossack, Tartar,Mohawk: 82.3 pp

Ghurka: 77.7 pp

Amazon, Nubian, Viking, Zulu: 85.4 pp

Saracen: 83.0 pp

Maori: 85.3 pp

Breadth, m

Afridi: 7.47

Cossack, Tartar: 7.92

Ghurka: 7.79

Mohawk: 7.62

Amazon: 8.12

Saracen: 7.95

Maori: 8.25

Nubian: 8.14

Viking: 8.36

Zulu: 8.23

Draught, m

3.05 (average)

No of shafts

3

Machinery

Afridi, Ghurka: 3 Parsons steam turbines, 5 Yarrow boilers

Maori, Zulu, Viking: 3 Parsons steam turbines, 6 Yarrow boilers

Mohawk, Saracen: 3 Parsons steam turbines, 6 White-Foster boilers

Tartar, Amazon, Nubian: 3 Parsons steam turbines, 6 Thornycroft boilers

Cossack: 3 Parsons steam turbines, 5 Laird boilers

Power, h. p.

14000

Max speed, kts

33

Fuel, t

oil 185 - 216

Endurance, nm(kts)

1000(33)

Armament

1st group: 3 x 1 - 76/40 12pdr 12cwt QF Mk I, 2 x 1 - 450 TT

2nd group: 2 x 1 - 102/40 BL Mk VIII, 2 x 1 - 450 TT

Complement

68



Graphics


<i>Afridi</i>
Afridi
<i>Amazon</i>
Amazon
<i>Mohawk </i>1917
Mohawk 1917
<i>Viking</i>
Viking
<i> Crusader</i>
Crusader
<i>Zubian</i>  
Zubian  


Project history

When Fisher became First Sea Lord in 1904 he quickly implemented his ideas; the future Fleet would comprise only fast capital ships and destroyers. In November 1904 he issued a directive for a new class of TBDs:

1. They must steam at 33kts for 8 hours 2. Oil fuel only 3. Armament of 2 12pdr and 5 3pdr 4. Stores for 7 days The armament was modified to 3 12pdr/18cwt, and stores were cut to 4 days, but 33kts and oil fuel remained, and these conditions were the basis of the offer to various firms to tender. As had been the practice with earlier destroyers the builders were asked only to meet the main criteria, and were left a free hand in designing a destroyer to meet them. No two were alike, particularly as Fisher allowed only 11 days for a reply to the invitation to tender. It was not the right way to achieve success in stretching destroyer design to its limit - 7.5kts more than the 'Rivers', and little experience with oil fuel. As might be expected the bids were high, and as an economy measure old 12pdt guns were substituted for the new 18cwt high-velocity gun. However the stores provision was raised to 28 days. Five TBDs were ordered under the 1905-6 Estimates. For the following year five more were proposed (later cut to two, Amazon and Saracen). The firms were asked to include what the Board regarded as the best features from the boats already building. A similar procedure was followed with the five ordered under the 1907-8 Programme. White proposed a repeat Saracen with the same boilers but more powerful turbines for 15,000shp. Similarly Thornycroft proposed a repeat Amazon, either at a higher price or with more power. The trials were not the outstanding success for which Fisher was hoping. Cossack reached 33kts on a 6-hour trial but with high fuel consumption, and joined the Fleet a year late. Afridi needed over 21,000shp to reach her contract speed. They were not regarded as good seaboats, and compared with the 'Rivers' their endurance was miserable. Afridi and Amazon used 9.5t of fuel each, raising steam for a trip from Harwich to Felixstowe and back, a distance of 6 miles in all. Each boat looked different: Cossack had three large funnels, Afridi and Gurkha three low; Mohawk had a turtleback forecastle, and with Tartar, Saracen, Amazon, Nubian, Zulu, Crusader and Maori had four funnels; while Viking had six (four of them paired together). Mohawk's seakeeping was so poor that she was eventually rebuilt with a high forecastle. After numerous complaints the four-funnelled boats had the fore funnel raised to stop the bridges from being smoked out.

Modernizations

1909, Cossack, Mohawk, Ghurka, Afridi, Tartar: + 2 x 1 - 76/40 12pdr 12cwt QF Mk I

1915, Viking: - 1 x 1 - 102/40; + 1 x 1 - 152/45 BL Mk VII

1916, Viking: - 1 x 1 - 152/45, 1 x 1 - 102/40; + 2 x 1 - 102/45 QF Mk V

1916-1917, most survived: + 2 x 1 - 40/39 2pdr QF Mk II

1916-1917, Afridi: - 2 x 1 - 102/40, 1 x 1 - 40/39; + 2 x1 - 120/40 QF Mk I/II/III/IV, 1 x 1 - 7.7/94, 4 DCT

9/1918, all survived: + 2 x 1 - 356 TT

Naval service

Viking was mined near the Colbart light vessel and lost her stern, but was towed to Chatham and rebuilt. Nubian during a night of action 27.10.1916 tried to ram a German destroyer, but had her bow blown off and had to be run ashore on the South Foreland. After Zulu had her stern blown off by a mine 8.11.1916 it was suggested that the two might be joined together. Chatham DYd achieved the task with some difficulty, not least because the hulls were not identical, but 7.6.1917 new destroyer Zubian was commissioned. Ghurka was mined 8.2.1917 off Dungeness. Maori was mined 7.5.1915 off Belgian coast.